Privacy The Mark-Houwink. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. (2008). The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. (1990). The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Int. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Epub 2022 Feb 2. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Granath, K. A. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). (1999). FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. 2006;3(3):37385. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. (2003). Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. GYA primarily conducted research. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. 2016;9706:97061E6. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. (1999). Epub 2012 Oct 18. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. (1998). Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. SWC designed and coordinated the research. The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. Progr. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. Pharm Res. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Epub 2012 May 28. pp13-21. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. Data File Dextran. Kumar SV, Tarun P, Kumar TA. J Appl Toxicol. Accessibility A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. 43-1, 115-147. ; Weisz, J. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Correspondence to 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. ; Bos, G.W. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Ann Surg Oncol. Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). Trop J Pharm Res. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). (1999). Structure Properties of Dextran. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Saudi Pharm J. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. (2003). In this work, the human cadaver skin was treated to confirm the skin regeneration after the application of the microporation device. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. 2012;29(7):201729. Springer Editions. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. B 113, 8020-8025. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. An official website of the United States government. PMC Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Front Microbiol. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Biomaterials. Nat Biotechnol. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. Recent Pat. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Drug Deliv Syst. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. We observe that this maximum radius is below Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Keywords: Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. Citation-(RIS On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. Format), Citation-(EndNote A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. of different origins. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which Search This study was supported by the LG Electronics. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). J. Phys. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). Viscosity of Liquids. 8600 Rockville Pike Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Chem. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. For Research Use Only. It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence (1958). Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). The .gov means its official. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. ; Dutt, N.V.K. (2008). Chem. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound.
Foodland Weekly Ad Woodstock, Al, What Is Substantive Representation?, Indesit Oven Child Lock, Nc Correctional Institution, Articles D