Son of Sangramapida II. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. After that, the English translation. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Sanskrit Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. You can try more lenient search to get some results. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. A Persian Mahabharata: The 1598-1599 Razmnama It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. Rajatarangini . Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. 2011 Duke University Press It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional Son of Ajitapida. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. Verse 13. Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Hiranya died childless. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Match words . His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. for this article. In 1380 C.E. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. } Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Hence the correct answer is Option B. all exact any . If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. Answer. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. 1 [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Jizya was abolished too in his command. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. This quarterly has been published regularly since Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com Was this answer helpful? After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). Rajatarangini/Original languages orders. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Son of Sukhavarman. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. He subdued several enemies. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars Concerning past occasions. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu.
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