In Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Hardback) (Vol. The Pros And Cons Of Epistemology - 824 Words | Bartleby by | Jun 9, 2022 | prayers of dedication presbyterian | advance australia national director | Jun 9, 2022 | prayers of dedication presbyterian | advance australia national director Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Zagzebski, L. On Epistemology. ), Epistemic Value. Grimm anticipates this point and expresses a willingness to embrace a looser conception of dependence than causal dependence, one that includes (following Kim 1994) species of dependence such as mereological dependences (that is, dependence of a whole on its parts), evaluative dependences (that is, dependence of evaluative on non-evaluative), and so on. Is it a kind of knowledge, another kind of propositional attitude, an ability, and so forth? Offers an account of understanding that requires having a theory of the relevant phenomenon. As it turns out, not all philosophers who give explanation a central role in an account of understanding want to dispense with talk of grasping altogether, and this is especially so in the case of objectual understanding. Drawing from Stanley and Williamson, she makes the distinction between knowing a proposition under a practical mode of presentation and knowing it under a theoretical mode of presentation. Stanley and Williamson admit that the former is especially tough to spell out (see Glick 2014 for a recent discussion), but it must surely involve having complex dispositions, and so it is perhaps possible to know some proposition under only one of these modes of presentation (that is, by lacking the relevant dispositions, or something else). Running head: SHIFT IN EPISTEMOLOGY 1 Shift in Epistemology Student's Name Professor's Name Institution In . Her main supporting example is of understanding the rate at which objects in a vacuum fall toward the earth (that is, 32 feet per second), a belief that ignores the gravitational attraction of everything except the earth and so is therefore not true. His view is that understanding requires the agent to, in counterfactual situations salient to the context, be able to modify their mental representation of the subject matter. For one thing, if understanding is both a factive and strongly internalist notion then a radical skeptical argument that threatens to show that we have no understanding is a very intimidating prospect (as Pritchard 2010:86 points out). As such, his commentary here is particularly relevant to the question of whether gasping is factive. He claims further that this description of the case undermines the intuition that the writers lack of understanding entails the readers lack of understanding. Digital Culture and Shifting Epistemology - hybridpedagogy.org Criticizes Grimms view of understanding as knowledge of causes. Is it problematic to embrace, for example, a contextualist semantics for knowledge attributions while embracing, say, invariantism about understanding? We regularly claim that people can understand everything from theories to pieces of technology, accounts of historical events and the psychology of other individuals. Rohwers inventive move involves a contrast case featuring unifying understanding, that is, understanding that is furnished from multiple sources, some good and some bad. While we would apply a description of better understanding to agent A even if the major difference between her and agent B was that A had additional true beliefs, we would also describe A as having better understanding than B if the key difference was that A had fewer false beliefs. (For example, is it a kind of knowledge, another kind of propositional attitude, an ability, and so on? Meanwhile, he suggests that were you to ask a fake fire officer who appeared to you to be a real officer and just happened to give the correct answer, it is no longer plausible (by Pritchards lights) that you have understanding-why. Of course, though, just as Lackey (2007) raises creationist teacher style cases against knowledge transmission principles, one might as well raise a parallel kind of creationist teacher case against the thesis that one cannot attain understanding from a source who herself lacks it. And furthermore, weakly factive accounts welcome the possibility that internally coherent delusions (for example, those that are drug-induced) that are cognitively disconnected from real events might nonetheless yield understanding of those events. Contains exploration of whether the value knowledge may be in part determined by the extent to which it provides answers to questions one is curious about. Morris (2012), like Rohwer, also defends lucky understandingin particular, understanding-why, or what he calls explanatory understanding). Kvanvig (2003; 2009) offers such a view, according to which understanding of some subject matter is incompatible with false central beliefs about the subject matter. Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Arguments Con Arguments Pro Ambivalence Concerning Relativism? Discussion of pros and cons Evaluates the epistemological shift, in the present or in the future, indicating whether the shift is good or bad. The root of the recent resurgence of interest in understanding in epistemology. Section 3 examines the notion of grasping which often appears in discussions of understanding in epistemology. There is little work focusing exclusively on the prospects of a non-factive construal of understanding-why; most authors, with a few exceptions, take it that understanding-why is obviously factive in a way that is broadly analogous to propositional knowledge. This is explained in the following way: If it is central to ordinary cognitive function that one is motivated to pursue X, then X has value in virtue of its place in this functional story. Regarding the comparison between the value of understanding and the value of knowledge, then, he will say that if understanding is fundamental to curiosity then this provides at least a partial explanation for why it is superior to the value of knowledge. Regarding factivity, then, it seems there is room for a view that occupies the middle ground here. Hills thinks that mere propositional knowledge does not essentially involve any of these abilities even if (as per the point above) propositional knowledge requires other kinds of abilities. Baker, L. R. Third Person Understanding in A. Sanford (ed. Discuss the pros and cons of the epistemological shift Such a theory raises questions of its own, such as precisely what answering reliably, in the relevant sense, demands. Moderate factivity implies that we should withhold attributions of understanding when an agent has a single false central belief, even in cases where the would-be understanding is of a large subject matter where all peripheral beliefs in this large subject matter are true. Your paper should be 3-4 pages in length, not counting the Title page and Reference page. Uses the hypothesis of extended cognition to argue that understanding can be located (at least partly) outside the head. Lipton, P. Understanding Without Explanation in H. de Regt, S. Leonelli, and K. Eigner (eds. For if the view is correct, then an explanation for why ones understanding why the painting is beautiful is richer, when it is, will simply be in terms of ones possession of a correct answer to the question of why it is beautiful. London: Continuum, 2003. Kelp (2015) makes a helpful distinction between two broad camps here. The childs opinion displays some grasp of evolution. Whitcomb, D. Epistemic Value In A. Cullison (ed. Section 5 considers questions about what might explain the value of understanding; for example, various epistemologists have made suggestions focusing on transparency, distinctive types of achievement and curiosity, while others have challenged the assumption that understanding is of special value. ), Knowledge, Truth and Obligation. Thirdly, even if one accepts something like a moderate factivity requirement on objectual understandingand thus demand of at least a certain class of beliefs one has of a subject matter that they be trueone can also ask further and more nuanced questions about the epistemic status of these true beliefs. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Stanley, J and Williamson, T. Knowing How. Journal of Philosophy 98(8) (2001): 411-444. facebook android official. Shift in Epistemology.docx - Running head: SHIFT IN Goldman, A. Grimm does not make the further claim that understanding is a kind of know-howhe merely says that there is similarity regarding the object, which does not guarantee that the activity of understanding and know-how are so closely related. Stanley, J. To defend the claim that possessing the kinds of abilities Hills draws attention to is not a matter of simply having extra items of knowledgeshe notes that one could have the extra items of knowledge and still lack the good judgment that allows you to form new, related true beliefs. However, epistemologists have recently started to turn more attention to the epistemic state or states of understanding, asking questions about its nature, relationship to knowledge, connection with explanation, and potential status as a special type of cognitive achievement. epistemological shift pros and cons. But most knowledge is not metaknowledge, and epistemology is therefore a relatively insignificant source of knowledge. There is a common and plausible intuition that understanding might be at least as epistemically valuable as knowledgeif not more soand relatedly that it demands more intellectual sophistication than other closely related epistemic states. However, Baker (2003) has offered an account on which at least some instances of understanding-why are non-factive. A good example here is what Riggs (2003) calls intelligibility, a close cousin of understanding that also implies a grasp of order, pattern and connection, but does not seem to require a substantial connection to truth. Pros and cons of epistemology shift Changes in epistemology even though they have received several criticisms they have significantly played a critical role in the advancement of technology. A paper in which it is argued that (contrary to popular opinion) knowledge does not exclude luck. Carter, J. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Her line is that understanding-why involves (i) knowing what something is, and (ii) making reasonable sense of it. A Seismic Shift in Epistemology | EDUCAUSE Builds an account of understanding according to which understanding a subject matter involves possessing a representation that could be manipulated in a useful way. For example, you read many of your books on screens and e-readers today. iwi galil ace rs regulate; pedestrian killed in london today; holly woodlawn biography; how to change icon size in samsung s21; houston marriott westchase Since, for instance, the ideal gas law (for example, Elgin 2007) is recognized as a helpful fiction and is named and taught as such, as is, nave Copernicanism or the simple view that humans evolved from apes. If we sometimes attribute understanding to two people even when they differ only in terms of who has more false beliefs about a subject, this difference in degrees indicates that one can have understanding that includes some false beliefs. Of course, many interrelated questions then emerge regarding coherence. According to Goldman (1991) curiosity is a desire for true belief; by contrast, Williamson views curiosity as a desire for knowledge. Know How. In his article "A Seismic Shift in Epistemology" (2008), Chris Dede draws a distinction between classical perceptions of knowledge and the approach to knowledge underpinning Web 2.0 activity. Analyzes Kvanvigs Comanche case and argues that knowledge and understanding do not come apart in this example. If we consider some goalsuch as the successful completion of a coronary bypassit is obvious that our attitude towards the successful coronary bypass is different when the completion is a matter of ability as opposed to luck. In particular, one might be tempted to suggest that some of the objections raised to Grimms non-propositional knowledge-of-causes model could be recast as objections to Khalifas own explanation-based view. This line merits discussion not least because the idea that understanding-why comes by degrees is often ignored in favor of discussing the more obvious point that understanding a subject matter clearly comes by degrees. This type of a view is a revisionist theory of epistemic value (see, for example, Pritchard 2010), which suggests that one would be warranted in turning more attention to an epistemic state other than propositional knowledgespecifically, according to Pritchardunderstanding. (For example, propositions, systems, bodies of information, the relationships thereof, and so on?). Consider the view that the kinds of epistemic luck that suffice to undermine knowledge do not also undermine understanding. Decent Essays. Argues that the concerns plaguing theories of knowledge do not cause problems for a theory of understanding. Looks at understandings role in recent debates about epistemic value and contains key arguments against Elgins non-factive view of understanding. Assuming that we need an account of degrees of understanding if we are going to give an account of outright understanding (as opposed to working the other way around, as he thinks many others are inclined to do), Kelp (2015) suggests we adopt a knowledge based account of objectual understanding according to which maximal understanding of a given phenomenon is to be cashed out in terms of fully comprehensive and maximally well-connected knowledge of that phenomenon. Elgin (2007), like Zagzebski, is sympathetic to a weak factivity constraint on objectual understanding, where the object of understanding is construed as a fairly comprehensive, coherent body of information (2007: 35). Many of these questions have gone largely unexplored in the literature. His modal model of understanding fits with the intuition that we understand not propositions but relations between parts to wholes or systems of various thoughts.. Firstly, grasping is often used in such a way such that it is not clear whether it should be understood metaphorically or literally. On the weakest view, one can understand a subject matter even if none of ones beliefs about that subject matter are true. It focuses on means of human knowledge acquisition and how to differentiate the truth knowledge claims from the false one. Knowledge in a Social World. One reason a manipulationist will be inclined to escape the result in this fashion (by denying that all-knowing entails all-understanding) is precisely because one already (qua manipulationist) is not convinced that understanding can be attained simply through knowledge of propositions. Resists Pritchards claim that there can be weak achievements, that is, ones that do not necessarily involve great effort. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989. There is arguably a further principled reason that an overly weak view of the factivity of understanding will not easily be squared with pretheoretical intuitions about understanding. In the study of epistemology, philosophers are concerned with the epistemological shift. Section 4 examines the relationship between understanding and types of epistemic luck that are typically thought to undermine knowledge. Abstract. epistemological shift pros and cons - dogalureticipazari.com This is because we dont learn about causes a priori. What kind of historical enterprise is historical epistemology? Contrary to premise (3), such abilities (of the sort referenced by Khalifa in premise 2 and 3) arguably need not involve discriminating between explanations, so long as one supposes that discriminating between explanations is something one has the reliable ability to do only if one could not very easily form a belief of the form when this is false. Autore dell'articolo: Articolo pubblicato: 16/06/2022 Categoria dell'articolo: fixed gantry vs moving gantry cnc Commenti dell'articolo: andy's dopey transposition cipher andy's dopey transposition cipher Argues against the view that moral understanding can be immune to luck while moral knowledge is not. See answer source: Epistemology in an Hour Caleb Beers Discuss the pros and cons of the epistemological shift in an essay Orand this is a point that has received little attentioneven more weakly, can the true beliefs be themselves unreliably formed or held on the basis of bad reasons.
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